Understanding Chronic Kidney Disease: Early Signs and Prevention
Dr. Feliciano Serrano
Nephrologist
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health concern affecting over 37 million Americans. Often called a "silent disease," CKD can progress for years without noticeable symptoms. As a Harvard-trained nephrologist serving Southern California, I've witnessed firsthand how early detection and prevention can dramatically improve patient outcomes.
What is Chronic Kidney Disease?
CKD occurs when the kidneys gradually lose their ability to filter waste and excess fluid from your blood. This loss of function happens over months or years and is classified into five stages, with Stage 5 requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation.
Did You Know?
Approximately 90% of people with CKD don't know they have it because early-stage kidney disease rarely causes symptoms.
Early Warning Signs
While early CKD is often asymptomatic, certain signs may indicate kidney problems:
- Changes in urination: More frequent urination, especially at night; foamy or bubbly urine; blood in urine
- Swelling: Fluid retention causing puffy eyes, swollen feet and ankles, or swollen hands
- Fatigue and weakness: Anemia caused by kidney dysfunction leads to persistent tiredness
- Loss of appetite: Build-up of toxins can cause nausea and reduced hunger
- Persistent itching: Waste product accumulation can cause skin irritation
Major Risk Factors
Understanding your risk factors is crucial for prevention:
Diabetes
The leading cause of CKD, accounting for about 40% of cases. High blood sugar damages kidney blood vessels.
High Blood Pressure
Hypertension damages kidney blood vessels, reducing their ability to filter waste effectively.
Family History
Genetic factors play a significant role. If a close family member has CKD, your risk increases.
Age Over 60
Kidney function naturally declines with age, making regular screening especially important.
Evidence-Based Prevention Strategies
The good news is that many cases of CKD can be prevented or slowed through lifestyle modifications and proper medical care:
2 Adopt a Kidney-Healthy Diet
Limit sodium intake to under 2,300mg daily, reduce processed foods, and increase fresh fruits and vegetables. Consider the DASH diet for optimal results.
3 Stay Physically Active
Aim for 150 minutes of moderate exercise weekly. Regular physical activity helps control blood pressure, blood sugar, and weight.
4 Avoid NSAIDs and Harmful Substances
Limit use of over-the-counter pain medications like ibuprofen. Quit smoking and moderate alcohol consumption to protect kidney function.
The Importance of Early Screening
Regular kidney function tests are essential, especially if you have risk factors. Simple blood and urine tests can detect kidney disease early:
- eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate): Measures how well kidneys filter blood
- Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio: Detects protein in urine, an early sign of kidney damage
Schedule Your Kidney Health Assessment
Don't wait for symptoms to appear. Early detection and intervention can prevent or slow kidney disease progression.
Conclusion
Chronic kidney disease is preventable and manageable when caught early. By understanding your risk factors, recognizing warning signs, and taking proactive steps to protect your kidney health, you can significantly reduce your chances of developing advanced kidney disease.
As a nephrologist serving communities throughout Southern California, I'm committed to providing comprehensive kidney care and education. If you have concerns about your kidney health or any of the risk factors mentioned, don't hesitate to schedule a consultation.
About Dr. Feliciano Serrano
Dr. Feliciano Serrano is a Harvard-trained nephrologist and vascular specialist serving Southern California. With extensive experience in kidney disease management, dialysis access care, and chronic wound treatment, Dr. Serrano provides compassionate, evidence-based care through both in-office visits and convenient home services.
Read Full Biography